Governance learning from collective actions for just climate adaptation in cities

Environmental policy research fails to integrate procedural and recognitional justice perspectives collective actions in governance learning for just climate adaptations. Drawing on the insights of two cities experiencing impacts differently, Bergen (Norway) Istanbul (Turkey), this paper assesses how influence different levels governments (local national) learn from these implement their localities. Using environmental (specifically recognition procedural) literature, we contextualize a three-governance typology that emerges through may trigger structures integration: by resisting, co-opting, expanding. We identify what kind is introduced existing Istanbul, shapes or shaped structures, local government national while developing adaptation policies actions. Overall, shows types knowledge information are incorporated ignored after power mediates interactions between actors across multiple urban settings adaptation.